HOW TO RETURN UKRAINIANS TO UKRAINE: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS

Abstract

Abstract

The relevance of the research topic "How to Return Ukrainians to Ukraine: Economic, Social, Psychological, and Cultural Factors" is driven by the massive scale of Ukrainian migration due to the war that began in 2022. It is estimated that approximately 6-7.5 million Ukrainians left their country in search of safety and better living conditions. The return of these citizens is crucial for the country's post-conflict recovery, demographic stabilization, and economic restoration. Given this context, studying the factors that influence decisions about returning becomes particularly important.

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze key economic, sociological, psychological, and cultural factors affecting Ukrainians' desire to return home. The methodology includes analyzing results from sociological surveys among Ukrainians abroad, as well as studying economic and social conditions in Ukraine. The research covers aspects such as security in Ukraine, employment opportunities, housing availability, and the level of social support.

Special attention is given to the situation of Ukrainian refugees in Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, Spain, and Italy. As of early November 2024, the status of Ukrainian refugees in Europe remains stable but is gradually changing. These and other countries continue to provide support through temporary protection, access to labor markets, education, and medical services. Most countries have extended temporary protection until 2025. However, some countries are gradually reducing social benefits and changing housing provision conditions.

The obtained scientific results indicate that the main factors for return are the sense of security in Ukraine, the ability to find stable employment, and access to housing. Many respondents expressed a desire to return home after the war ends, but their decision depends on improved living conditions in the country. Emotional aspects are also important: longing for family and home, as well as state support.

Prospects for further research lie in deeper analysis of psychological and cultural factors that may influence return. It is also important to develop recommendations for state policy regarding refugee support during reintegration and creating favorable conditions for their return. Special attention is paid to the creation of the Ministry of Unity and the functions it should perform to accelerate the process of returning Ukrainians to their homeland.