SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF REPATRIATES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN CONTEMPORARY UKRAINE

Abstract

The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of the social - psychological adaptation of repatriates in Ukraine amid war, economic crisis, and social transformations. Repatriation is considered as the return of citizens with the restoration of rights, regulated by the Constitution, the Law "On the Legal Status of Persons Affected by Military Actions" dated March 22, 2022, and the Migration Policy Strategy until 2025, which provides support in employment, education, social services, financial assistance, and the adaptation of repatriated children. The results of a sociological study conducted in 2024 are presented, revealing a low level of social - psychological support for repatriates in Ukraine. The main factors influencing this situation include the lack of a clear legislative framework for repatriation, limited resources for implementing support programs, and social and cultural barriers that complicate the integration of repatriates into society.

The challenges analyzed include legal barriers (bureaucracy, lack of clear status for deportees), socio-economic issues (42.3% unemployment, 39% in temporary housing, housing damages amounting to $58.9 billion), and psychological challenges ("reverse culture shock," PTSD, 65% without access to psychological support). Data from 2024 indicate that only 29.1% of repatriates are fully employed, with obstacles such as language barriers (37.5%), non-recognition of diplomas (29.8%), and low wages (46.2%). The mechanisms of adaptation are explored, including the "mirror principle," which reflects the rethinking of identity and the complexities of social ties. Opportunities for integration include state programs (grants, retraining), the activities of civil society organizations, and international experiences (Israel’s "Aliyah," Portugal’s "Regressar").

Recommendations include adopting a repatriation law, simplifying procedures, establishing employment centers, providing subsidies, offering individualized services, and collaborating with the IOM. The conclusions emphasize a comprehensive approach, combining state and societal support for reintegration. Prospects involve adaptation models and policy improvements. The article relies on data from the State Statistics Service, ICMPD reports, UNICEF, the Ministry of Health, and Ukraine’s regulatory acts, proposing ways to address the repatriate adaptation crisis.