PHENOMENOLOGICAL METHOD OF THE GESTALT APPROACH IN PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT

Abstract

The article is devoted to the theoretical substantiation and practical comprehension of the phenomenological method of the Gestalt approach in the psychological examination of personality. The philosophical foundations of the phenomenological approach in Gestalt psychology are disclosed, in particular the principles of "here and now", field, contact and awareness. The specifics of the application of phenomenological techniques in forensic psychological, clinical and psychodiagnostic examination are determined. The possibilities of phenomenological interview, observation of non-verbal manifestations and analysis of contact interruption mechanisms as instruments of psychological research of the examined person's personality are analyzed. The advantages and limitations of the Gestalt approach in the context of normative requirements for psychological conclusions are identified. An original model for integrating phenomenological techniques into the psychological examination procedure is proposed, combining the qualitative depth of phenomenological research with methodological transparency.

A detailed typology of contact interruption mechanisms: introjection, projection, retroflexion, deflection, confluence provides the specialist with operational concepts for structuring phenomenological observations and including them in a psychological conclusion. The proposed model of integration of phenomenological techniques combines the qualitative depth of phenomenological research with the methodological transparency necessary for drawing up a full-fledged expert conclusion. Prospects for further research include the development of standardized protocols of phenomenological research for various types of psychological examination and empirical study of the validity of phenomenological data in relation to traditional psychodiagnostic methods.