THE LAND MARKET IN HUNGARY - LESSONS FOR UKRAINE

Abstract

The most specific area of business activity, without any exaggeration, is agrarian production, which deserves special attention from the representatives of science, the state and business. In modern conditions, the problem of efficient functioning and development of the agrarian sphere of the economy is becoming more urgent also because the land itself is a rare, quantitatively limited resource that cannot be created, replaced by others or accumulated. It is a unique gift of nature. However, soil erosion occurs, fertile lands are gradually earmarked for the construction of industrial and other facilities, urban development, road construction, pipelines, etc. The attack of cities on villages significantly reduces the stock of land resources for agricultural production. And because, on the one hand, the total supply of land is at all times fixed and absolutely inelastic (it cannot be increased), and on the other, the demand for agricultural products is steadily increasing; and the earth itself. Moreover, the rise in price of land and agricultural products has even accelerated today. In Ukraine, land relations have always been in the spotlight, and land management activities have been one of the main priorities of public policy. The history of domestic land relations dates back several centuries, during which their types, forms, approaches and methods were formed. Analyzing the results of land reforms, we come to the conclusion that this experience is extremely important for the development of conceptual directions for the modern transformation of land relations. Obviously, this experience of their conduct may not be analogous to current conditions, but some important features can be used in approaches to solving the problems of forming a new system of land use and agricultural land market. The article analyzes the Hungarian experience of establishing and developing the land market. It is shown how market mechanisms were introduced in Hungary to create conditions for free competition in agricultural production. First of all, the role of the state in preventing the negative consequences of land privatization is emphasized. Particular attention is paid to this issue after the accession of the country to the European Union, since the Hungarian leadership had to fulfill the requirements of the European Community in this area. It is shown that the Hungarian experience is interesting for Ukraine.