REINTEGRATION OF COMBAT PARTICIPANTS INTO CIVILIAN LIFE: EMPLOYMENT PROBLEMS AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to identify the actual problems of reintegration of combatants into social and labor relations and to find ways to solve them as a priority; identification of factors affecting the effectiveness of such reintegration, determination of possible options for it based on a study of the military's vision of their future. In order to achieve this goal, the authors used as the main method of sociological research (survey of participants in hostilities), as well as scientific, empirical and theoretical methods, methods of comparison, observation, graphic integration (when analyzing and summarizing the answers of respondents). We consider reintegration as a social and economic process that is part of the war and post-war development of the country and through which demobilized combatants acquire civilian status, adapt in society and receive sustainable employment and income. The model of social adaptation of demobilized servicemen was considered and adapted to new challenges. The factors that depend on the complexity of employment and integration of the military into civilian social and labor relations are analyzed, including the following: the degree and type of disability, age, education before and after service, marital status, and a person's personal desire to find employment. The priority areas of UBD employment are highlighted depending on the specified factors. The main problems faced by veterans when adapting to civilian life have been identified, which are psychological barriers in society's perception, sometimes not very favorable attitude of employers, physical post-traumatic problems. Another problem is legal ignorance about the benefits and guarantees they can count on. The main attention is paid to researching the possibilities of promoting the effective return of UBD to the labor market by means of state, social, educational and informational influence. Priority directions from this point of view are highlighted: multi-vector state support of veteran business; effective encouragement of employers to create specialized workplaces for people with disabilities; fostering in society a culture of memory, gratitude and respect for veterans; support by the state, society, educational and public organizations of conviviality as a skill and practice of life and realization together of people with different individual characteristics.