STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF IT COMPANIES IN THE CONTEXT OF STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS

Abstract

The article carries out a comprehensive study of economic strategies for the development of national IT companies in the context of structural transformations of the global digital economy. Based on a systematic analysis of theoretical approaches (Resource-Based View, dynamic capabilities theory) and empirical data from international organizations, analytical reports and statistics for 2021-2025, four interrelated strategic directions for the transformation of the Ukrainian IT sector are substantiated. The key conclusion is the need to transition from the traditional outsourcing model to a high-margin product model. A comparative analysis of economic indicators proves the strategic advantage of the product model: profitability (EBITDA margin 25-40%) exceeds the outsourcing model (8-18%) by 2.5-4 times, and investment attractiveness is significantly higher. A transformation trajectory through a hybrid model to full product orientation and further global expansion is proposed. The critical role of targeted technological specialization is identified. Among the promising areas, Defense Tech with a growth rate of over 30% and AI/ML with a margin of 25-35% are highlighted, which are strategic priorities for creating high added value and competitive advantage. Key institutional barriers are identified, in particular, a critical deficit of venture capital in Ukraine (0.2-0.4 billion USD/year) compared to leading technology hubs, which significantly hinders innovative development and growth rates of the sector. Despite the positive impact of special regimes such as Diia.City, insufficient R&D funding (0.33% of GDP in 2022) and brain drain remain serious challenges. Based on the results of the study, scientifically sound recommendations for three groups of stakeholders are formulated. For state policy, the expansion of tax incentives, the creation of a state venture fund, systematic support for export diversification, and the modernization of IT education are proposed. IT companies are recommended to strategically focus on promising technological niches, increase investment in R&D, and actively integrate into global innovation ecosystems. The article proposes a comprehensive analytical framework and specific tools to ensure sustainable, innovation-oriented development of the national IT sector in the face of structural changes and geopolitical challenges.