EXPORT CAPABILITIES OF THE ECONOMICS IN THE CONTEXT OF GUARANTEEING FOOD SECURITY IN WARTIME

Abstract

The article studies the economic opportunities for the export of major agricultural products in wartime. Considerable attention is paid to the importance of exports in ensuring food security. The change in priorities in the functioning of the Ukrainian economy during the war period is investigated. The proposition that agrarian business is an important component of the population's food self-sufficiency in essential food products and food raw materials is substantiated. The aim of the article is to study the export opportunities of the Ukrainian economy in the context of its food security. The negative consequences for the agrarian vector of the economy caused by the war are analyzed in detail. Measures and their positive consequences for exporting products from Ukraine are considered, namely: the "grain agreement", "solidarity routes", "humanitarian corridors". It is confirmed that armed aggression has become a global test for food security not only for our country, but also for the whole world. As a result, four factors that were most affected by the war were identified: supply chains, production, exports, access to food. Problems in the functioning of the agricultural sector that arose due to armed aggression were identified. It is proven that Ukraine still remains one of the leading exporters of agricultural products in the world. Ukraine's export capabilities were analyzed through a study of the types of agricultural products that crossed the border during March 2022 to March 2025. The logistics routes of agricultural products movement for the studied period were examined in detail, as a result of which the main transportation channel through the port infrastructure was confirmed. It was established that at the present time there is no alternative to the export of agricultural products through sea and river ports. It was proved that significant types of products can actually be transported only through ports, primarily sea ones. For small types of products, other options are possible, such as railways or cargo vehicles. The analysis showed that the largest share in the export structure is occupied by corn - 48.50%, wheat - 26.05%. All other agricultural crops or products occupy less than 10% in the total export structure for the studied period. This allowed us to identify three main areas for minimizing threats to Ukraine's food security, ensuring the availability, quality and safety of food for all segments of the world's population: safe shipping, adequate international support, investments in Ukrainian agricultural production and economic recovery. It is recommended to use modern approaches to solving the issue of food security, taking into account internal capabilities at the current stage of the situation and forecast indicators for future time periods.