FORMATION OF HUNGARY'S NATIONAL ENERGY STRATEGY

Abstract

The formation of effective national energy strategies by countries of Central and Eastern Europe is gaining particular relevance in the context of global energy transformation, increasing geopolitical risks, and the need to ensure energy security. The Russian-Ukrainian war has radically changed the energy map of Europe, highlighting the issue of independence from Russian energy carriers. Hungary's experience as an EU member in developing long-term energy strategies is of significant interest to Ukraine in the context of European integration and reforming the energy sector. This country, sharing similar geographical and historical conditions with Ukraine, demonstrates its own approaches to energy policy, making its experience particularly valuable for understanding regional peculiarities of energy planning.

The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the features of the formation and implementation of national energy strategy, identify trends and differences in approaches to ensuring energy security and the transition to sustainable energy, as well as to evaluate their compliance with European standards and goals for climate neutrality by 2050.

The research methodology is based on a systemic approach using methods of comparative analysis, structural-functional method, analysis of documents and statistical data, the method of expert assessments, as well as SWOT analysis of the energy systems of the studied countries. An interdisciplinary approach was applied, combining political, economic, and technological aspects of energy planning.

Scientific results. The key principles of the formation of Hungary's energy strategy were identified: diversification of energy supply, development of renewable energy sources, modernization of energy infrastructure, and ensuring energy efficiency. It was established that Hungary emphasizes nuclear energy and gas infrastructure with an orientation towards cooperation with Russia. At the same time, the country actively implements European directives in the field of energy, demonstrating its own pace of decarbonization and approaches to energy diplomacy.

Prospects for further research include analyzing the impact of energy strategies on the economic development of the region, studying mechanisms of international energy cooperation, and developing recommendations for improving Ukraine's energy policy, taking into account the positive experience of neighboring countries.