PSYCHOLOGICAL MEANS OF PREVENTION AND OVERCOMING THE SYNDROME OF "PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT" AMONG MEDIA SPECIALISTS

Abstract

In the article, the problem of not studying the issue of professional burnout of journalists and other mass media specialists is substantiated. The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the professional activity of mass media specialists and outline the main methods of prevention and overcoming the consequences of professional burnout of this category of specialists. A brief analysis of the interpretation of the essence of professional burnout is presented. Basic scientific psychological approaches to the study of the phenomenon of professional burnout are described. In particular, the following are highlighted: situational, systemic, personal, resource, procedural approaches. The structure of professional burnout according to K. Maslach is revealed and described. Its components are described and their brief characteristics are given. The specifics of the professional activity of a journalist and mass media specialist in general are described. The role and functions of a journalist's professional activity are determined. The differences between the work of such a specialist on television, radio, in the Internet publication and in printed publications are determined. The key differences of work in each of the areas of journalism are described. It was determined that the peculiarity of the work in the printed edition and on television is determined by the dominance of its special channel of information perception by readers or television viewers. It was determined that the stressogenic factors of this profession are determined by social and public significance and features, as well as the type of activity (radio, newspaper, television, etc.). The main stressful factors of professional burnout of mass media specialists are defined as: emotional stress in the process of communication with other people; responsibility to society; irregular work schedule; the need to process and memorize large amounts of information; severely limited time frame for fulfilling one's professional duties; excessive multitasking at work; competition in the profession. On the basis of the analyzed material, a program of prevention and overcoming the consequences of professional burnout of mass media specialists was developed. The structure and plan of the prevention program are described. Blocks and individual tasks included in these blocks are indicated.